L’Histoire de la Fille Soldat

I was quite surprised a few months back to find what I can only call a “transgender love story” published in 1695 and expanded in 1696 (as told here). Cross-dressing and mistaken identies had been staples in theatre and literature for centuries. That much was nothing new, but in this story, a young woman, Marianne, known as the “petite Marquise” learned that she had been born physically a boy but was raised—dare we say “assigned at birth”?—as a girl, and only on her wedding day did she learn that her husband was a woman who all her life had chosen to dress—“identify”?—as a man.

It was a remarkable story, wherein an arguably transgender woman falls in love with a transvestite. After all, we all “know” that choosing to identify as the opposite sex, the notions of gender identity, and sexual orientation are modern concepts. And yet, here is a unique story that centers on these very elements. Or is it unique?

L’Histoire-de-la-Fille-Soldat

“L’Histoire de la Fille Soldat” AI sketch

As it turns out, it is not. Nearly a quarter century before it was published, Mercure gallant carried another story of a baby willfully assigned the wrong sex at birth. This time, a father chose to raise a girl to think she was a boy.

L’Histoire de la Fille Soldat” was published in the the premiere issue—dated January 1672, but released later that year—of Mercure galant (pages 131–147). Like most of the stories published in Mercure, it is fiction dressed up as fact. Fiction in the modern sense was a relatively new publishing phenomenon and tended to be put forth as if it were true. In this case, we are told that it is “the origin of the Adventure which has made so much noise recently, and why so many Ignorant people have proclaimed in the last few days that one Girl had an Infant by another Girl.”

It may well be a precursor of L’Histoire de la Marquise-Marquis de Banneville. The story is short and untitled, and no author is credited. It is told in the voice of the publisher of Mercure, Jean Donneau de Visé, as was the bulk of its contents. It seems quite plausible that de Visé and may have suggested the premise of de Banneville to its authors a couple of decades later.

The story is short, so I present it here.

L’Histoire de la Fille Soldat

Puis que je vous ay mandé dans ma dernière que je ne vous ferois plus de compliment, et que je commencerois toutes mes Lettres par les Histoires dont j’aurois à vous faire part, je vous tiens ma parole, et je commence.

Un vieil Avare, qui n’avoit point encor eu d’Enfans, et qui appréhendoit la dépense, fut au désespoir, lors que sa Femme luy dit un jour qu’elle croyoit estre grosse. Il repassa dans son imagination tout ce que coûtent les Enfans jusques à l’âge de trente ans ; il en fit un Mémoire si exact, qu’il compta même la nourriture qu’ils prenoient dès le ventre de leur Mere, alléguant pour ses raisons que les Femmes grosses mangeoient pour elles et pour leurs Enfans. Il rassembla ensuite toutes ces sommes, et compta combien elles produiroient de revenu, s’il les mettoit en rente, et à combien iroit l’intérêt de l’intérêt qu’elles produiroient. Le compte qu’il en fit monta si haut, qu’il se repentit mille fois le jour de s’estre marié, et fit une forte résolution de ne plus faire d’Enfans, jugeant ce plaisir indigne d’un Homme de bon sens. Pendant qu’il faisoit tous ces comptes et toutes ces réflexions, sa Femme s’aperçût qu’elle estoit assurément grosse, et qu’il n’y avoit plus de lieu d’en douter : Elle le dit à cet Avare, dont la douleur fut beaucoup plus grande qu’elle n’avoit esté d’abord, et dès lors il commença à faire des retranchemens dans sa Maison, afin que son épargne pût aider à la dépense de l’Enfant futur ; mais quelque lésine qu’il pût faire, il ne retrancha pas beaucoup de choses, puisque loin qu’il eust rien de superflu chez luy, la plupart des choses nécessaires y manquoient.

Si son chagrin fut grand de voir sa Femme grosse, il redoubla beaucoup, lors que dans le sixième mois elle luy dit qu’elle la croyoit estre de deux Enfans, et que les Sages-Femmes en doutoient. Il pensa se désespérer ; mais un Chirurgien Accoucheur qui estoit de ses Amis, luy remit l’esprit, en luy assurant le contraire. Quelque temps après, en causant une nuit avec sa Femme, il luy dit qu’il falloit voir lequel coûteroit moins à élever d’un Garçon, ou d’une Fille ; et après avoir bien examiné la chose, et bien compté par leurs doigts la dépense de l’un et de l’autre, ils trouvèrent que un Garçon devoit moins coûter ; qu’il pouvoit faire sa fortune luy-même, et qu’il falloit que les Père et Mère fissent celle d’une Fille, en luy donnant beaucoup en mariage.

« Je veux, dit alors le Mary, que vous ayez un Garçon.
– Mais cela ne dépend ny de vous, ny de moy, luy répliqua la Femme.
– Cela fera, vous dis-je, luy repartit le Mary.
– Cela peut arriver, répondit la Femme, s’il a plu à la Nature d’en faire un.
– Qu’elle en ait fait un, ou non, dit alors le Mary, vous accoucherez d’un Garçon ; ou du moins l’Enfant que vous mettrez au jour paroîtra aux yeux du monde ce que je veux qu’il soit, puisque si vous accouchez d’une Fille, nous dirons que c’est un Garçon, et nous la ferons élever sous cet habit. »

La Femme fut obligée d’y consentir, et pendant le reste de sa grossesse ils se fortifièrent dans ce dessein. Le terme venu, elle accoucha d’une Fille ; et pour faire croire que c’estoit un Garçon, on se servit des mesures que l’on avoit prises. Tous ceux qui la virent furent trompés ; et quand elle avança en âge, plusieurs Filles en devinrent amoureuses. Cette jeune Beauté étant mal entretenue chez son Père, mal nourrie, et mal traitée, résolut de quitter cet Avare, et si-tost qu’elle se sentit assez forte pour porter un Mousquet, elle s’enrola, et fut à l’Armée, où elle se signala dès la première Campagne. Tous ceux qui la voyoient, avoient une certaine bienveillance pour elle, qu’ils ne savoient à quoy attribuer ; et elle avoit un certain air modeste et engageant, qui empêchoit que ceux qui, pour lors, estoient ennemis du mérite de tous les autres, ne luy portaient envie : Elle estoit toujours retirée ; et bien qu’elle ne sceut pas elle-même ce qu’elle estoit, elle vécut comme si elle eust eu dessein de le cacher. Elle y reüssit si bien, que personne ne s’en aperçut : Elle n’avoit pas encor toutes les marques qu’il faut pour la faire connoistre, et elle estoit très - jeune, encor qu’elle fut fort grande, et qu’elle eust assez de force pour supporter les fatigues de l’Armée.

Dans la première Garnison où elle fut, la Fille de son Hôte devint éperdument amoureuse d’elle ; et comme elle se croyoit grosse d’un Amant qui luy estoit mort depuis peu, et qu’elle vouloit mettre son honneur à couvert, en épousant promptement l’objet de ses nouvelles amours, elle n’oublia rien pour s’en faire aimer, et fit pour ce beau Soldat des choses si obligeantes, qu’elle vint à bout de ses desseins. Elle le suivoit par tout ; elle luy donnoit des rendez-vous en cent lieux differents, afin que tout le monde s’aperçût de son amour, et qu’on en parla à son Père. Son dessein reüssit ; car ceux qui luy en parlèrent, luy dirent qu’après l’éclat que cette passion avoit fait, il ne trouveroit jamais personne qui voulut épouser sa Fille, et que pour mettre son honneur à couvert, il la devoit donner en mariage à celuy qu’elle aimoit avec tant d’emportement. Le bon Homme fut de ce sentiment ; et après avoir un peu querellé sa Fille, et luy avoir fait quelques remontrances, il luy parla d’épouser le jeune Cavalier qui estoit chez luy. Il est à remarquer que cette Fille déguisée passoit pour un jeune Garçon de Famille qui avoit du bien, et qui estoit venu à l’Armée sans le consentement de ses Parens. Ce fut ce qui fit résoudre son Hôte à luy donner sa Fille en mariage.

Je ne vous diray point tout ce qui se passa jusques à ce jour, et je conduiray seulement ces nouveaux Mariez au Lit : C’est, je croy, où on les attend. Le cœur de la Mariée luy battoit un peu, car elle appréhendoit que son Mary ne connut qu’un autre avoit eu les faveurs qui devoient luy avoir esté reservées. Elle perdit bientost cette crainte, et ne s’aperçût que trop tost pour elle qu’il n’estoit pas en état de rien connoistre : Ainsi d’un malheur qu’elle appréhendoit beaucoup, elle tomba dans un pire. Elle s’en seroit néanmoins bientost tirée, si elle n’eust point esté grosse, et elle auroit tout découvert : Cependant elle n’en fit rien, et elle fut si longtemps à délibérer sur ce qu’elle devoit faire, que sa grossesse parut. Elle crut qu’il n’estoit plus temps de parler ; mais par malheur pour elle, comme elle estoit dans son neuvième mois, et qu’elle estoit couchée avec son prétendu Mary, une de ses Parentes entra dans sa Chambre pendant qu’ils dormoient ; et en mettant la main dans le Lit pour éveiller sa Cousine, qui ne s’éveilla pas au bruit qu’elle fit en entrant, elle rencontra le sein du Mary-Fille, qui estoit découvert. Il s’éveilla aussitôt, et l’on connut par là que c’estoit une Fille ; car l’étonnement de la Parente fut si grand, qu’elle dit hautement ce qu’il luy venoit d’arriver. Voilà l’origine de l’Aventure qui depuis peu a tant fait de bruit, et pourquoy tant d’Ignorans ont publié depuis quelques jours qu’une Fille avoit fait un Enfant à une autre Fille.

The Story of the Girl Soldier

Since I informed you in my last that I would no longer send you compliments, and that I would begin all my letters with the Stories I had to share with you, I keep my word, and I begin.

An old Miser, who had not yet had any Children, and who feared the expense, was in despair when his Wife told him one day that she believed she was pregnant. He reviewed in his mind all that Children cost up to the age of thirty; he made a Memo so exact that he even calculated the nourishment they took from within their Mother’s womb, alleging for his reasons that pregnant Women ate for themselves and for their Children. He then gathered all these sums and calculated how much income they would generate if he invested them, and to what amount the interest on the interest they would produce would rise. The calculation he made of it rose so high that he repented a thousand times a day for having married, and made a strong resolution to have no more Children, judging this pleasure unworthy of a Man of good sense. While he was making all these calculations and reflections, his Wife realized she was certainly pregnant, and that there was no longer any room for doubt: She told this to the Miser, whose grief was much greater than it had been at first, and from then on he began to make cutbacks in his household, so that his savings might help with the expense of the future Child; but whatever penny-pinching he could do, he did not cut back on many things, since far from having anything superfluous at his place, most of the necessary things were lacking.

If his vexation was great at seeing his Wife pregnant, it redoubled greatly when, in the sixth month, she told him she believed she was carrying two Children, and that the Midwives had their doubts. He thought he would despair; but a Surgeon Obstetrician, who was a friend of his, calmed his mind by assuring him of the contrary. Some time later, while chatting with his Wife one night, he told her that they must see which would cost less to raise, a Boy or a Girl; and after having thoroughly examined the matter, and calculated on their fingers the expense of both, they found that a Boy ought to cost less; that he could make his own fortune, and that the Father and Mother had to make the fortune of a Girl, by giving her a large dowry.

“I want,” the Husband then said, “for you to have a Boy.”

“But that depends neither on you nor on me,” the Wife replied.

“It shall be so, I tell you,” the Husband rejoined.

“That can happen,” replied the Wife, “if Nature has willed one to be made.”

“Whether she has made one or not,” the Husband then said, “you will give birth to a Boy; or at least the Child you bring forth will appear in the eyes of the world to be what I want it to be, since if you give birth to a Girl, we will say it is a Boy, and we will have her raised in that dress.”

The Wife was obliged to consent, and for the rest of her pregnancy they reinforced their resolve in this plan. When the term was due, she gave birth to a Girl; and to make it appear that it was a Boy, they employed the measures they had arranged. All who saw her were deceived; and as she advanced in age, several Girls fell in love with her. This young Beauty, being poorly maintained by her Father, badly nourished, and ill-treated, resolved to leave the Miser, and as soon as she felt strong enough to carry a Musket, she enlisted and went to the Army, where she distinguished herself from the very first Campaign. All who saw her had a certain goodwill towards her, which they could not attribute to anything; and she had a certain modest and engaging manner, which prevented even those who, at the time, were enemies of the merit of all others, from envying her: She was always withdrawn; and although she did not know herself what she was, she lived as if she intended to hide it. She succeeded so well that no one noticed: She did not yet have all the features required to make her known (as a woman), and she was very young, even though she was very tall and had enough strength to endure the fatigues of the Army.

In the first Garrison where she was stationed, the Daughter of her Host became madly in love with her; and as she believed herself to be pregnant by a Lover who had recently died, and wanted to preserve her honor by promptly marrying the object of her new affections, she forgot nothing to make herself loved, and did such obliging things for this handsome Soldier that she achieved her ends. She followed him everywhere; she gave him rendezvous in a hundred different places, so that everyone would notice her love and speak to her Father about it. Her plan succeeded; for those who spoke to him about it told him that after the scandal this passion had caused, he would never find anyone who would want to marry his Daughter, and that to preserve her honor, he ought to give her in marriage to the one she loved with so much passion. The good Man agreed with this sentiment; and after having scolded his Daughter a little and given her some warnings, he spoke to her about marrying the young Cavalier who was staying with him. It should be noted that this disguised Girl passed for a young Gentleman of Family who had some wealth, and who had come to the Army without the consent of his Parents. This is what persuaded her Host to give her his Daughter in marriage.

I will not tell you everything that happened up to that day, and I will only lead these new Married ones to the Bed: That is, I believe, where they are awaited. The Bride’s heart was beating a little, for she feared her Husband would realize that another had had the favors which should have been reserved for him. She soon lost this fear, and realized too soon for her that he was not in a state to know anything: Thus, from a misfortune she greatly feared, she fell into a worse one. She would nonetheless have soon escaped it, had she not been pregnant, and she would have revealed everything: However, she did nothing, and she spent so long deliberating on what she ought to do that her pregnancy became apparent. She believed it was too late to speak; but unfortunately for her, as she was in her ninth month, and was lying with her supposed Husband, one of her Relatives entered her Chamber while they were sleeping; and in putting her hand into the Bed to wake up her Cousin, who did not wake up at the noise she made in entering, she came upon the breast of the Husband-Girl, which was uncovered. He awoke immediately, and it was known by this that she was a Girl; for the Relative’s astonishment was so great that she loudly proclaimed what had just happened to her. This is the origin of the Adventure which has made so much noise recently, and why so many Ignorant people have proclaimed in the last few days that one Girl had an Infant by another Girl.